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The Neolithic settlement area of Praha-Krč, Společenská zahrada. Spatial organization of settlement area with rondel enclosures and the issue of formative processes
VONDROVSKÝ, Václav
The thesis presents an evaluation of the Neolithic settlement area with two rondel enclosures which was excavated in the year 2001 during the salvage campaign at the Společenská zahrada site in Praha-Krč. Taphonomic processes which formed assemblages of settlement pits, rondel ditches and settlement layers were identified on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of all main categories of artefacts and ecofacts. These pieces of knowledge concerning the integrity of finding assemblages are used as a starting point for following investigations. Conventional relative chronology of the settlement area is accompanied by probability modelling of radiocarbon dates obtained particularly from ditches of both rondels. The results point to the contemporaneous use of both rondels and allow to set more precise absolute chronology of Neolithic rondels in central Europe. Spatial analysis presents possibilities and limits for the identification of particular domestic activities and refuse deposits within the archaeological record of settlement area. In the final part, the meaning of rondels for symbolic competition of Neolithic communities organised on the principle of translocality is discussed.
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Holocene Climatic Optimum in the Iranian region: geoarchaeological and climatological study in relation to human settlement
MARŠÁK, Daniel
This thesis collects previous knowledge and information about palaeoenvironmental and archaeological situation in the area of Iran primarily from the Holocene Climatic Optimum period, sometimes called as Altithermal. Holocene Climatic Optimum is characterized by high temperatures and high intensity of atmospheric precipitation and it lasts from 9000 cal. BP to 5000-6000 cal. BP. The research work aims to map the process of the human settlement as a result of warm Climate Changes. This will be accomplished by making a contribution of Geoarchaeological and Palaeoclimatic proxies which are going to introduce and reconstruct forming conditions for the human settlement. Significant element of the thesis is identification of the Hunter-Gatherer societies and interception theirs agricultural transition. The most important area for this transition is Southwestern part of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Khuzestan Province, Lorestan Province, Ilam Province). The Zagros Mountains which "include" these Provinces will be subjected to the depth analysis.
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Find Contexts of Neolithic Figural Art in Southwest Slovakia.
Němcová, Eliška ; Remišová Věšínová, Kamila (advisor) ; Popelka, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines find contexts of Neolithic figural art in Southwest Slovakia. A list of finds from Trnava, Bratislava and Nitra districts is attached to the thesis. These finds were critically evaluated and their conservation status, their appearance, size and their possible equivalents from surrounding areas. Additionally, the thesis considers typological development of figural art in Southwest Slovakia during individual periods of Neolithic. An integral part of this paper is comparison between Palaeolithic and Neolithic figural art. The thesis presents similarities and differences regarding their form, material and find contexts in Europe. Furthermore, it describes the most frequent types of find contexts and their eventual interpretation within Europe and Near East. The thesis also emphasizes atypical, nevertheless, essential contexts in Southwest Slovakia. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Breclav region at the time of the Linear Pottery Culture
Mikulíková, Sabina ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kovárník, Jaromír (referee)
The graduation Thesis is focused on Breclav region at the time of the Linear Pottery Culture. The paper includes a brief introduction to the problems of development LBK in Moravia and surrounding areas, as well as the development process of Breclav region during the Stone Age. The result of this paper is a Catalogue of sites, on which the settlement of Linear Pottery Culture was recorded. Particular interest has been devoted to the area of Bavory, at house No. 114, where was an archaeological research in 1987 conducted by J. Peska. From the found of ceramic and other material LBK was made an Analysis including drawing documentation. Key words: Linear Pottery Culture, Neolithic, Breclav Region, Bavory, South Moravia
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The importance of Neolithic expansion in Central Europe - an assessment of phylogenetic age of mtDNA haplogroups in the Czech population.
Priehodová, Edita ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
Agriculture, with different Neolithic cultures, starts in the Near East more than 10,000 years ago. This new way of life has very different archaeological manifestations that previous Mesolithic. After its Near Eastern emergence, the farming practices rapidly penetrated into southeastern Europe and the first signs of Neolithic in Central Europe are already 7,000 years old. It is being considered that the cultural innovations influenced demographic growth of the populations that have taken part in the Neolithic spread. In such situation, new mutations would have to fix and could form new specific haplogroups for Europe with ancestral ties to the Near East. Phylogeographic studies such as founder analysis of European and Near Eastern mtDNA sequences found that the European Neolithic component was enriched mainly by haplogroups J and T1, and that the genetic contribution of farming economy in European gene pool is about 10 - 20%. However, studies like these have not been yet realized in particular parts of Europe. The aim of this thesis is to disentangle the internal variability of Central European haplogroups J and T1 thought to be involved in the Neolithic demic diffusion. We classified these haplogroups from the HVS-I mtDNA sequences of 281 samples of the recent population of the Czech Republic. We...
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The Paper on Understanding the Subsistence Manner on the Transition of Neolithic and Eneolithic Age (a Comparative Study between the Western Culture Complex and Regions of Bohemia and Moravia)
Mattová, Sabina ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Neustupný, Evžen (referee) ; John, Jan (referee)
The study presented deals with the phenomenon of increased hunting activity on the transition of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Age, the reasons of which have been so far investigated only in regard to environmental conditions of locations. The phenomenon is observed on locations of a wide area of Middle Europe. Nevertheless, there exist locations with prevailing agricultural economy. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis of the material culture of the Western culture circle and Bohemia and Moravia, the study aims to trace the reflection of the phenomenon in archaeological materials - differences between locations with predominant domestic sources, and locations with predominant wild sources. Alongside, the study deals with a possible environmental impact on increasing hunting tendencies. In order to created a database, a detailed catalogue of locations has been compiled. The catalogue holds the most essential information on material culture with regard to expected agricultural manners. The catalogue also serves as a clue for setting particular indicators of the database, the purpose of which is to organise the data in a comparable form. Subsequently, a descriptive database has been compiled. The database traces the reflection of agricultural base of the individual locations. By means of a...
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Contacts between the culture of the Lepenski Vir and the first Neolithic populations at the turn of the 7th and 6th millennium
Ćosović, Mirza ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tichý, Radomír (referee)
(in English): This paper focuses mainly on the problem of the Mesolithic-Neolithic contact in the Iron Gates gorge at the turn of the 7th and 6th millenniums BC. A special emphasis is put on the eponymous site of Lepenski Vir. From a geographic point of view, this area represents a natural border between countries Serbia and Romania. There, in different layers and at different locations, were excavated and explored settlements documenting activities and social contact between the Mesolithic and Neolithic populations, as well as the transition from the Mesolithic way of life to the sedentary Neolithic one. The first part of the paper is devoted to an overview of scientific research, a development of views on the process of Neolitization and all the important aspects of culture. The second part deals with the examination of the first form of contact between Mesolithic and Neolithic populations based on the results of natural and archaeological research with theoretical application of the migration model, from the American anthropologist David W. Anthony.
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Fytolitová analýza materiálu ze záchranného archeologického výzkumu v Radčicích, okr. Strakonice.
BUDILOVÁ, Kristýna
This thesis deals with a phytolith analysis of dark soil and artefact residues from neolithic exploatation pits at Radčice archeological site in south Bohemia. Thesis contains a literary research part about phytoliths and their use in archaeology, stone tool residue analyses, neolithic environment, farming and archaeobotany of central Europe. Several samples from sediment and chipped industry (blades) were processed and analyzed by polarizing microscope. Results are discussed in attempt to answer questions about genesis of the infill as well as about usage of stone tools and cereal processing activities on site.
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